Florence Nightingale, born on 12 May 1820, in Florence, Italy, was a British nurse, statistician,
and social reformer who was the foundational philosopher of modern nursing. Nightingale was put in charge of nursing British
and allied soldiers in Turkey during the Crimean War. She spent many hours in the wards,
and her night rounds giving personal care to the wounded established her image
as the “Lady with the Lamp.” Her efforts to formalize nursing education led her to
establish the first scientifically based nursing school—the Nightingale School
of Nursing, at St. Thomas’ Hospital in London (opened 1860).
She also was instrumental in setting up training for midwives and nurses in workhouse infirmaries.
She was the first woman awarded the Order of Merit (1907). International Nurses Day, observed
annually on May 12, commemorates her birth and celebrates the
important role of nurses in health care.
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