Alluri Sitarama Raju's Birth Anniversary

 

Alluri Sitarama Raju, born on 4 July 1897 or 1898, in Pandrangi, Madras Presidency, British India (present-day Andhra Pradesh, India), was an Indian revolutionary who waged an armed rebellion against the British colonial rule in India. He led the Rampa rebellion (1922–1924) which was borne from rising discontent towards British colonial rule in the backdrop of the non-cooperation movement (1920–1922). To recruit for his force, Raju harnessed grievances caused by the 1882 Madras Forest Act that effectively restricted the free movement of adivasis in their forest habitats and prevented them from practicing their traditional form of agriculture called ‘podu’, which threatened their very way of life. Mustering combined forces of tribals and other sympathisers to the cause, he engaged in guerilla campaigns against British forces across the border regions of present-day Andhra Pradesh and Odisha states in India. He was given the title "Manyam Veerudu" (transl. Hero of the Jungle) by the local people for his exploits.

Born into a Telegu family in present day Andhra Pradesh as Alluri Rama Raju, he prefixed the name "Sita" to his in memory of a girl whom he loved during his youth and whose untimely demise at a young age left him heartbroken. He later took up sannyasa at the age of 18 and grew to become a charismatic leader of the downtrodden tribal people in the 20th century colonial India. As the leader of the Manyam rebellion or the Rampa Rebellion of 1922, Alluri Sitarama Raju led his forces against the British colonial rulers with an aim of expelling them from the Eastern Ghats region in the erstwhile Madras Presidency. During the rebellion he led numerous raids on the imperial police stations to acquire firearms for his under-equipped forces. After each raid, he would leave a written note in the station signed by him informing the police about the details of his plunder there, including details of the weaponry he acquired daring them to stop him if they could.

Police stations in and around areas of Annavaram, Addateegala, Chintapalle, Dammanapalli, Krishna Devi Peta, Rampachodavaram, Rajavommangi, and Narsipatnam were all targeted by his forces, which resulted in significant police casualties. In response to these raids and to quell the rebellion, the British colonial authorities undertook a nearly two year long manhunt for Alluri Sitarama Raju that resulted in expenditures reaching over ₹4 million rupees. Eventually, in 1924, he was trapped at Koyyuru village in Chintapalle forests. There, he was captured, tied to a tree, and was summarily executed by a firing squad. A mausoleum with his final remains was built in the village of Krishnadevipeta in Andhra Pradesh.

 

Gulzarilal Nanda's Birth Anniversary

Gulzarilal Nanda, born on 4 July 1898, in Sialkot, Punjab, British India [now in Pakistan], was an Indian politician who twice served briefly as interim prime minister, in 1964 following the death of Jawaharlal Nehru and in 1966 upon the death of Lal Bahadur Shastri. Nanda was a member of the cabinet of both prime ministers whom he succeeded, and he was known for his work on labour issues.

Nanda grew up in Punjab and was educated in Lahore, Agra, and Allahabad. He researched labour problems at the University of Allahabad in 1920–21 before becoming an economics professor at the National College in Bombay (now Mumbai). He joined Mahatma Gandhi’s non-cooperation movement and was twice jailed for civil disobedience.

Nanda was elected to Bombay’s legislative assembly in 1937, where he served as Parliament secretary for labour and excise (1937–39) and as Bombay’s secretary of labour (1946–50). In the latter capacity, he was instrumental in forming the Indian National Trade Union Congress (and later became its president), and in 1947 he represented India at the International Labour Conference in Geneva, Switzerland, where he was a member of its Freedom of Association Committee.

Nanda held several cabinet positions in the government of India. He was named minister of planning in 1951, and the following year, after his election to the Lok Sabha (legislative assembly), he was also given the portfolio of irrigation and power. In 1957 he became minister of labour, employment, and planning. He also served as minister of labour and employment (1962–63) and of home affairs (1963–66) in addition to being called on as interim prime minister. He later was minister of railways (1970–71). In 1997, Nanda was awarded the Bharat Ratna, India’s highest civilian award.