Gulzarilal Nanda, born on 4 July 1898, in Sialkot, Punjab, British India [now in Pakistan], was an Indian politician who twice served briefly as interim prime minister, in 1964 following the death of Jawaharlal Nehru and in 1966 upon the death of Lal Bahadur Shastri. Nanda was a member of the cabinet of both prime ministers whom he succeeded, and he was known for his work on labour issues.
Nanda grew up in Punjab and was educated in Lahore, Agra, and Allahabad. He researched labour problems at the University of Allahabad in 1920–21 before becoming an economics professor at the National College in Bombay (now Mumbai). He joined Mahatma Gandhi’s non-cooperation movement and was twice jailed for civil disobedience.
Nanda was elected to Bombay’s legislative assembly in 1937, where he served as Parliament secretary for labour and excise (1937–39) and as Bombay’s secretary of labour (1946–50). In the latter capacity, he was instrumental in forming the Indian National Trade Union Congress (and later became its president), and in 1947 he represented India at the International Labour Conference in Geneva, Switzerland, where he was a member of its Freedom of Association Committee.
Nanda held several cabinet positions in the government of India. He
was named minister of planning in 1951, and the following year, after his
election to the Lok Sabha (legislative assembly), he was also given
the portfolio of irrigation and power. In 1957 he became minister of labour,
employment, and planning. He also served as minister of labour and employment
(1962–63) and of home affairs (1963–66) in addition to being called on as
interim prime minister. He later was minister of railways (1970–71). In 1997, Nanda
was awarded the Bharat Ratna, India’s highest civilian award.
