Turkish Republic Anniversary

 

Republic Day (Turkish:Cumhuriyet Bayramı) is a public holiday in Turkey commemorating the proclamation of the Republic of Turkey, on 29 October 1923. The annual celebrations start at 1:00 pm on 28 October and continue for 35 hours.

Background

The holiday commemorates the events of 29 October 1923, when Mustafa Kemal Atatürk declared that Turkey was henceforth a republic. Turkey had de facto been a republic since 23 April 1920, the date of the establishment of the Grand National Assembly of Turkey (Türkiye Büyük Millet Meclisi), but the official confirmation of this fact came three-and-a-half years later. On 29 October 1923, the status of the nation as a republic was declared and its official name was proclaimed to be Türkiye Cumhuriyeti ("the Republic of Turkey"). After that, a vote was held in the Grand National Assembly, and Atatürk was elected as the first President of the Republic of Turkey, keeping his position until his death.

The official dedication of the Statue of Liberty in 1886

On 28 October 1886, the Statue of Liberty was officially dedicated in New York in New York Harbour by Stephen Grover Cleveland, president of the United States. This event marked the official unveiling of the gift from France, celebrated with a dedication ceremony and a naval parade. The statue is a universal symbol of freedom and democracy, officially named “Liberty Enlightening the World”.

 

Arvind N. Mafatlal's Birth Anniversary

 

Arvind N. Mafatlal, born on 27 October 1923, in Ahmedabad, Gujarat, India, was a prominent Indian industrialist, philanthropist, and the patriarch of the Arvind Mafatlal Group. Under his leadership, the group grew from a textile company into a diversified conglomerate involved in chemicals and petrochemicals. 

Key facts about Arvind Mafatlal:

·  Business transformation: Mafatlal joined the family business, founded by his grandfather Gagalbhai Mafatlal, in 1954. He strategically diversified the group beyond its core textile business into petrochemicals by creating India's first integrated petrochemical complex. This included forming major joint ventures with international companies such as Royal Dutch Shell and Hoechst AG.

·   Visionary leadership: During India's post-independence era, he was celebrated as a key business leader. He steered the Mafatlal Group into becoming one of the country's largest conglomerates, often ranked after the Tata and Birla groups.

·   Philanthropy and social reform: Mafatlal was deeply committed to social causes, focusing on rural upliftment, healthcare, and education. He was the Chairman of the Bharatiya Agro Industries Foundation (BAIF), which used modern technology to improve the lives of rural and tribal populations.

National Mule Day (United States)

 

Have you ever paused to consider the unsung heroes of American history and agriculture? National Mule Day, celebrated every October 26, shines a spotlight on these remarkable animals that have trotted through the annals of time, leaving hoofprints on the very fabric of the nation's development. Born from the union of a male donkey and a female horse, mules combine the best of both worlds – the strength and endurance of donkeys with the speed and agility of horses. This hybrid vigour made them indispensable to pioneers, farmers, and miners alike. From ploughing fields to carrying gold across the treacherous terrains of the California Gold Rush, mules have done it all. Yet, despite their pivotal role, they've remained largely in the shadows. National Mule Day not only celebrates these hardy creatures but also educates the public about their significant contributions beyond the fields and mines. It's a day to tip our hats to these sturdy beasts of burden that have shouldered the weight of American progress on their backs.

 

World Swim Day 2025

World Swim Day takes place annually on the last Saturday of October. In 2025, it takes place on 25^th October. It is a virtual event founded in 2018 by the MySwimPro app to celebrate swimming and raise funds for water safety and learn-to-swim organizations. 

About the event

·   Purpose: To encourage people worldwide to be active in the water and promote water safety.

·   Participants: Anyone can take part by swimming in any body of water, including pools, lakes, rivers, or oceans.

·   How it works: Participants register for the event and complete a swim or dryland workout. They are encouraged to share their experience on social media using the hashtag #WorldSwimDay.

·    Impact: Since its inception, the event has grown to include participants from over 100 countries and has helped raise thousands of dollars for charitable causes. 

Zambia Independence Day

 

Zambia, in southern Africa, is a landlocked country of rugged terrain and diverse wildlife, with many parks and safari areas. 

On 24 October 1964, Zambia became independent of the United Kingdom as a republic in the Commonwealth, and prime minister Kenneth Kaunda became the inaugural president. Prior to independence, the territory was known as Northern Rhodesia and was a British protectorate.

Kenneth Kaunda (28 April 1924 – 17 June 2021), also known as KK, was a Zambian politician who served as the first president of Zambia from 1964 to 1991. He was at the forefront of the struggle for independence from British rule.

 

World Kangaroo Day

World Kangaroo Day is celebrated on October 24 each year to raise awareness about kangaroo welfare and conservation. It was founded in 2020 by Kangaroos Alive and the Animal Justice Party. The day is dedicated to educating the public about the threats kangaroos face, such as habitat loss and hunting, and promoting their protection.

 

 

Pele's Birth Anniversary

 

Edson Arantes do Nascimento, better known by his nickname Pelé, born on 23 October 1940, in Três Corações, was a Brazilian football (soccer) player, in his time probably the most famous and possibly the best-paid athlete in the world. He was part of the Brazilian national teams that won three World Cup championships (1958, 1962, and 1970).

After playing for a minor league club at Bauru, São Paulo state, Pelé (whose nickname apparently is without significance) was rejected by major club teams in the city of São Paulo. In 1956, however, he joined the Santos Football Club, which, with Pelé at inside left forward, won nine São Paulo league championships and, in 1962 and 1963, both the Libertadores Cup and the Intercontinental Club Cup. Sometimes called “Pérola Negra” (“Black Pearl”), he became a Brazilian national hero. He combined kicking power and accuracy with a remarkable ability to anticipate other players’ moves. After the 1958 World Cup, Pelé was declared a national treasure by the Brazilian government in order to ward off large offers from European clubs and ensure that he would remain in Brazil. On 19 November 1969, in his 909th first-class match, he scored his 1,000th goal.

Pelé made his international debut in 1957 at age 16 and the following year played his first game in the World Cup finals in Sweden. The Brazilian manager was initially hesitant to play his young star. When Pelé finally reached the field, he had an immediate impact, rattling the post with one shot and collecting an assist. He had a hat trick in the semifinal against France and two goals in the championship game, where Brazil defeated Sweden 5–2. At the 1962 World Cup finals, Pelé tore a thigh muscle in the second match and had to sit out the remainder of the tournament. Nonetheless, Brazil went on to claim its second World Cup title. Rough play and injuries turned the 1966 World Cup into a disaster for both Brazil and Pelé, as the team went out in the first round, and he contemplated retiring from World Cup play. Returning in 1970 for one more World Cup tournament, he teamed with young stars Jairzinho and Rivelino to claim Brazil’s third title and permanent ownership of the Jules Rimet Trophy. Pelé finished his World Cup career having scored 12 goals in 14 games.

Pelé’s electrifying play and penchant for spectacular goals made him a star around the world. His team Santos toured internationally in order to take full advantage of his popularity. In 1967 he and his team travelled to Nigeria, where a 48-hourcease-fire in that nation’s civil war was called to allow all to watch the great player.

Pelé announced his retirement in 1974 but in 1975 agreed to a three-year $7 million contract with the New York Cosmos of the North American Soccer League and to promote the game in the United States. He retired after leading the Cosmos to the league championship in 1977.

Pelé was the recipient of the International Peace Award in 1978. In 1980 he was named Athlete of the Century by the French sports publication L’Equipe, and he received the same honour in 1999 from the International Olympic Committee. In 2014 the Pelé Museum opened in Santos, Brazil. In addition to his accomplishments in sports, he published several best-selling autobiographies and starred in several successful documentary and semi-documentary films. He also composed numerous musical pieces, including the soundtrack for the film Pelé (1977).

 

 

Launch of Chandrayaan-1 in 2008.

India marked a historic milestone in space exploration with the launch of Chandrayaan-1 on October 22, 2008. Developed by the Indian Space Research Organisation (ISRO), this ambitious project signalled India’s emergence as a serious player in lunar exploration. The spacecraft was launched from Satish Dhawan Space Centre in Sriharikota aboard a PSLV-XL rocket, highlighting India’s growing capabilities in precision space launches.

Chandrayaan-1 was designed to orbit the Moon and conduct high-resolution remote sensing, aiming to gather detailed data about the lunar surface. Its payload included 11 scientific instruments, some developed in collaboration with international space agencies like the National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA), European Space Agency (ESA), and Bulgaria. Among its objectives were mapping lunar mineralogy, studying the distribution of elements such as magnesium, aluminium, and silicon, and searching for water ice in permanently shadowed craters near the poles.

The mission achieved remarkable success, particularly in October 2009, when Chandrayaan-1’s Moon Impact Probe and NASA’s Moon Mineralogy Mapper detected water molecules on the lunar surface, a discovery that reshaped understanding of the Moon’s composition and potential for supporting future exploration. Over its 10-month mission, the spacecraft transmitted more than 70,000 images, contributing vast amounts of data for global scientists.

Chandrayaan-1 officially ended its communication with Earth in August 2009, but its legacy endures. The mission not only demonstrated India’s ability to undertake sophisticated space projects but also boosted international recognition of ISRO’s capabilities. It paved the way for Chandrayaan-2 and future lunar endeavours, inspiring a new generation of scientists and engineers.

 

National Reptile Awareness Day (United States)

 

National Reptile Awareness Day is observed annually on October 21st to promote education, appreciation, and conservation of reptiles. The day aims to dispel negative perceptions and raise awareness about the threats these animals face in their natural habitats. 

Significance of the day

·   Encourages conservation: The day highlights the importance of preserving the diverse reptile species and their habitats, many of which are under threat from urbanization, illegal trading, and climate change.

·   Raises awareness: It helps educate the public on the ecological roles reptiles play. For instance, snakes control rodent and insect populations, while some turtles help clean waterways.

·    Dispels myths: Many reptiles, like most snake species, are non-venomous and are unfairly persecuted. The day provides an opportunity to share facts and challenge misconceptions about these often-misunderstood creatures.

·  Promotes appreciation: It encourages both reptile enthusiasts and the curious public to learn about and appreciate the unique characteristics of reptiles, such as their diverse adaptations for survival. 

World Osteoporosis Day

 

World Osteoporosis Day is held annually on October 20 to raise global awareness about the prevention, diagnosis, and treatment of osteoporosis. The day promotes bone health, highlighting that osteoporosis is a serious yet manageable and often preventable condition.

What is osteoporosis?

Osteoporosis is a "silent disease" that weakens bones, making them fragile and more likely to fracture from minor falls or even simple actions like bending or coughing. Bone loss progresses gradually over many years without symptoms, with the first sign often being a broken bone. Fractures can happen in any bone but are most common in the hips, spine, and wrists.

 

Matagini Hazra's Birth Anniversary

Matangini Hazra, born on 19 October 1870, in Tamluk, Bengal Presidency, British India (now Tumluk, Purba Medinipur, West Bengal, India), was an Indian revolutionary who participated in the Indian independence movement. She was leading one of the five batches of volunteers (of the Vidyut Bahini), constituted by the Samar Parisad (War Council), at Tamluk to capture the Tamluk Police Station on 29 September 1942, when she was shot dead by the British Indian police in front of the police station, becoming the first "Quit India" movement martyr in Midnapore. She was a staunch Gandhian and was fondly called Gandhi buri, Bengali for "old lady Gandhi".

 

Inauguration of Ludhiana Clock Tower in 1906

 

The Victoria Memorial Clock Tower of Ludhiana was inaugurated on October 18, 1906 by the then Lieutenant Governor of the state of Punjab, Sir Charles Montogomery along with the then Deputy Commissioner of Ludhiana, Deewan Tek Chand. The leaders of the state had chosen the most appropriate location for the Clock Tower keeping in view the propinquity of the railway station and other important business centres.

The primary landmark of the city, Clock Tower, has also come up to be the representative emblem of the city. The tower had been established as a tribute to the 25th year of the regime of Queen Victoria. Although Giani Zail Singh, once being the Chief Minister of Punjab, had renamed it to Bhagwan Mahavir Clock Tower.

The leading people of the city had contributed their level best for the establishment of the Clock Tower in 1906. At that point in time, it had been set up along with Chaura Bazaar, in the centre of the city, with tehsil office and courts in the surrounding area. Even today, the Clock Tower is mulled over to be the epicentre of Ludhiana city.

Sarangadhar Das's Birth Anniversary

 

Sarangadhar Das, born on 17 October 1886, in Dhenkanal princely state, British India, was an Indian nationalist revolutionary and Orissa politician. Das fought against the feudal chiefs in Orissa (present day Odisha) and, post-independence, was a member of India's Constituent Assembly, a Member of Parliament, and a leader of the Socialist Party.

 

Anil Kumble's Birthday

Anil Kumble, born on 17 October 1970, in Bangalore, Mysore State (now Karnataka), India, is a former Indian cricketer, captain, coach and commentator who played Test and One day international cricket for his national team over an international career of 18 years. A right-arm leg pin bowler, regarded as one of the greatest bowlers in cricket history, he took 619 wickets in Test cricket and was the third-highest wicket taker of all time at the time of his retirement in 2008.

Oscar Wilde's Birth Anniversary

Oscar Fingal O'Fflahertie Wills Wilde, born on 16 October 1854, in Dublin, Ireland, was an Irish wit, poet, and dramatist whose enduring fame rests on his only novel, The Picture of Dorian Gray (1891), and on his comic masterpieces Lady Windermere’s Fan (1892) and The Importance of Being Earnest (1895). In his comedies he proved himself to be a master of the epigram. He was a spokesman for the late 19th-century Aesthetic movement in England, which advocated art for art’s sake, and he was the object of notorious civil and criminal suits involving homosexuality and ending in his imprisonment (1895–97). Despite his fall from society’s grace at the end of his life, Wilde came to be regarded as the personification of wit and sophistication.

Shankar Raghuvanshi's Birth Anniversary

 

Shankar Singh Ram Singh Raghuvanshi, born on 15 October 1922, in Hyderabad Deccan, Hyderabad State (present-day Telengana), was a legendary composer and conductor of Hindi cinema.

Together with Jaikishan Dayabhai Panchal, he was one half of the duo Shankar-Jaikishan, a leading music director pair in the 1950s and 1960s. They won the Filmfare Best Music Award a record nine times.

During his formative years, he played the table and learned the art properly from Baba Nasir Khansahib and Khwaja Khurshid Anwar.

Shankar started his career with a theatre group run by Satyanarayana and Hemavati. Later, he joins Prithvi Theatre where he learned to play and mastered several other instruments like Sitar, Accordion and Piano, etc.

Shankar-Jaikishan together gave a number of hits like Mera Joota Hai Japani, Teri Pyari Pyari Surat Ko, Ehsaan Tera Hoga Mujh Par, Bol Radha Bol, Baharon Phool Barsaao, and Zindagi Ek Safar Hai Suhana.

Ada Lovelace Day 2025

 

Ada Lovelace Day is an international celebration on the second Tuesday of October that honours the achievements of women in STEM. In 2025, it is being celebrated on 14^th October. Named after Ada Lovelace, a mathematician often considered the first computer programmer for her work on Charles Babbage's Analytical Engine, the day aims to increase the profile of women in science, technology, engineering, and mathematics fields. The event was founded in 2009 to create role models and encourage more girls and women to pursue STEM careers.

Wedding Anniversary of the Royal Couple of Bhutan

 

The wedding of Jigme Khesar Namgyel Wangchuck, King of Bhutan, and Jetsun Pema took place on 13 October 2011 at the Punakha Dzong in Punakha, Bhutan.  The current King of Bhutan, Jigme Khesar Namgyel Wangchuck, married Jetsun Pema, who became Queen Ashi Jetsun Pema Wangchuck. Both are descendants of the 48th Druk Desi of Bhutan and 10th Penlop of Trongsa, Jigme Namgyal.

Vijay Merchant's Birth Anniversary

 

Vijay Singh Madhavji Merchant, born Vijay Madhavji Thackersey, in Bombay, Bombay Presidency, British India, on 12 October 1911, was an Indian cricketer. A right-hand batsman and occasional right-arm medium pace bowler, Merchant played first-class cricket for Bombay cricket team as well as 10 Test matches for India between 1929 and 1951. Behind his limited Test appearances, he dominated Indian domestic cricket – his batting average of 71.64 is the second highest first-class average in history, behind only that of Don Bradman. He is regarded as the founder of the Bombay School of Batsmanship, that placed more importance on right technique, steely temperament, and conservative approach rather than free flow of the bat.

His international career included two tours of England upon which he scored over 800 runs. English cricketer C.B. Fry exclaimed "Let us paint him white and take him with us to Australia as an opener." His brother, Uday, also played first-class cricket.

Besides cricket, he was also associated with the Hindoostan Spinning & Weaving Mills (Thackersey Group) and was the Sheriff of Bombay in 1970.

International Day of The Girl Child

The International Day of the Girl Child is an annual United Nations observance on October 11 that aims to highlight the challenges girls face and promote their empowerment and human rights. The day focuses on advocating for girls' rights, raising awareness of gender inequality, and addressing issues such as limited access to education, child marriage, and gender-based violence.

History

·    The observance was first conceived as part of Plan International's "Because I Am a Girl" campaign, which focused on the importance of nurturing girls in developing countries.

·   Canada sponsored a resolution to propose the observance, and after presentations by a delegation of women and girls, the UN General Assembly adopted it.

·   The United Nations officially declared October 11 as the International Day of the Girl Child on December 19, 2011, and the first observance was held in 2012. 

Significance

The day highlights the potential for girls to change the world if they are effectively supported, focusing on a range of critical issues: 

·  Education: Ensuring that all girls have access to quality education, which is a powerful tool for empowerment.

·  Health and Well-being: Highlighting the health challenges girls face, including sexual and reproductive health.

·  Protection from violence: Working to eliminate violence against girls, child marriage, and other harmful practices.

·    Promoting gender equality: Addressing the systemic gender disparities that limit girls' opportunities. 

 

World Mental Health Day

World Mental Health Day is observed annually on October 10 to raise awareness about mental health issues globally and mobilize efforts to support mental well-being. 

History and significance

·    Origin: The day was first celebrated in 1992 as an initiative of the World Federation for Mental Health (WFMH).

·       Mission: It was established to reduce the stigma surrounding mental illness and promote open conversations about mental health.

·        Expansion: With support from organizations like the World Health Organization (WHO), it has grown into a major global event with an annual theme addressing specific mental health challenges.

Importance of mental health awareness

·    Raises awareness: The day helps educate the public about mental illness.

·   Reduces stigma: It works to reduce social stigma and discrimination associated with mental health conditions.

· Promotes action: It encourages investment in and improvement of mental healthcare services and policies.

·  Encourages self-care: It promotes practices that improve overall mental well-being. 

 

John Lennon's Birth Anniversary

 

John Winston Ono Lennon, born John Winston Lennon, on 9 October 1940, was an English musician and activist. He gained global fame as the founder, co-lead vocalist and rhythm guitarist of the Beatles. Lennon's songwriting, partnership with Paul McCartney, remains the most successful in history.

Born in Liverpool, Lennon became involved in the skiffle craze as a teenager. In 1956, he formed the Quarrymen, which evolved into the Beatles in 1960. Lennon initially was the group's de facto leader, a role he gradually seemed to cede to McCartney, writing and co-writing songs with increasing innovation, including "Strawberry Fields Forever", which he later cited as his finest work with the band. Lennon soon expanded his work into other media by participating in numerous films, including How I Won the War (1967), and authoring In His Own Write (1964) and A Spaniard in the Works (1965), both collections of nonsense writings and line drawings. Starting with "All You Need Is Love", his songs were adopted as anthems by the anti-war movement and the counterculture of the 1960s.

In 1969, he started the Plastic Ono Band with his second wife, multimedia artist Yoko Ono, held the two-week-long anti-war demonstration bed-in for peace, and left the Beatles to embark on a solo career. Lennon and Ono collaborated on many works, including a trilogy of avant-garde albums and several more films. After the Beatles disbanded, Lennon released his solo debut John Lennon/Plastic Ono Band and the international top-10 singles "Give Peace a Chance", "Instant Karma!", "Imagine", and "Happy Xmas (War Is Over)". Moving to New York City in 1971, his criticism of the Vietnam War resulted in a three-year deportation attempt by the Nixon administration. Lennon and Ono separated from 1973 to 1975, during which time he produced Harry Nilsson's album Pussy Cats. He also had chart-topping collaborations with Elton John ("Whatever Gets You thru the Night") and David Bowie ("Fame"). Following a five-year hiatus, Lennon returned to music in 1980 with the Ono collaboration Double Fantasy. He was shot and killed by Mark David Chapman, three weeks after the album's release.

As a performer, writer or co-writer, Lennon had 25 number-one singles in the Billboard Hot 100 chart. Double Fantasy, his second-best-selling non-Beatles album, won the 1981 Grammy Award for Album of the Year.^[4] That year, he won the Brit Award for Outstanding Contribution to Music. In 2002, Lennon was voted eighth in a BBC history poll of the 100 Greatest Britons. Rolling Stone ranked him the fifth-greatest singer and 38th-greatest artist of all time. He was inducted into the Songwriters Hall of Fame (in 1997) and the Rock and Roll Hall of Fame (twice, as a member of the Beatles in 1988 and as a solo artist in 1994).

 

World Octopus Day

 

Each year on 8 October, the globe directs its gaze below the waves to celebrate one of the sea's greatest wonders: the octopus. Intelligent, versatile and inquisitive, these eight-legged creatures are a marvel beyond the sea. They are crucial components in the balance of the ocean, supporting ecosystems to flourish as well as fascinating scientists with their puzzle-solving abilities and unusual habits. World Octopus Day is a reminder of their significance and a call to safeguard their future.

When and Why Is World Octopus Day Celebrated?

World Octopus Day is celebrated annually on 8 October. The date honours the abundance of eight arms on the animal as well as its dominant status in ocean life. The day is devoted to raising awareness for octopuses' intelligence, diversity and ecological importance. It inspires individuals to get more familiar with marine biology, engage in ocean conservation and learn about the issues octopuses are confronted with, ranging from climate change to habitat destruction and overfishing.

What Is the Backstory of World Octopus Day?

The celebration started in the early 2000s as part of a grassroots movement by marine lovers, scientists and conservationists. It was designed to raise awareness about octopuses and the need to safeguard their habitats. It rapidly gained worldwide support, with aquariums, research institutions and non-profits hosting events to inform and raise public awareness. It is now an international awareness day that signifies the impact of human activity on marine biodiversity and the need to conserve it.

World Octopus Day is not just a celebration. It is also an indicator of how complicated the ocean is and our collective duty to preserve it. Through learning, doing and raising awareness, we ensure that generations to come will be able to continue to be awed by one of nature's greatest wonders.

 

World Cotton Day

World Cotton Day, observed globally on October 7th, celebrates cotton's significance and its stakeholders. The day emphasizes cotton's contribution to job creation, economic stability in developing nations, and its wider socioeconomic impact. 

Origins and official recognition

• The Cotton-4 initiative: Initiated by the "Cotton-4" countries (Benin, Burkina Faso, Chad, and Mali), the day aims to highlight challenges faced by cotton producers and cotton's economic importance.
• First celebration: The inaugural event took place on October 7, 2019, organized by the WTO in collaboration with secretariats from the FAO, UNCTAD, ITC, and ICAC.
• UN recognition: The United Nations General Assembly officially designated October 7 as World Cotton Day on August 30, 2021, acknowledging its vital role globally. 

Significance and objectives

Key objectives of World Cotton Day include: 

• Economic development: Promoting the sustainable growth of the cotton sector, a crucial livelihood source for millions.
• International trade: Advocating for fairer and more transparent international trade policies for cotton.
• Innovation: Fostering new collaborations and advancements in cotton-related industries.
• Sustainability: Raising awareness of environmental challenges and promoting sustainable practices. 

Versatility of cotton

Cotton is a versatile plant with diverse uses beyond apparel. It is used for food products like edible oil and animal feed from cottonseed, and its fibres are utilized in industrial and medical applications.