Jyotirao Govindrao Phule, born on 11 April 1827, Bombay Presidency [now Maharashtra], was an Indian social
reformer, writer, and champion of equality for all people, including poor
labourers and women. He was a strong critic of the Hindu caste system, a
means by which people are differentiated and ranked according to the social
group into which they are born.
Phule deplored the discrimination experienced by those
placed at the bottom of the caste system, including the Shudras (artisans and
labourers) and the groups today called Scheduled Castes, or Dalits. He led
a movement in India that called for the creation of a new social order in
which no one would be subordinate to the upper-caste Brahmans. Phule also
fought for women’s rights. Believing that education was essential to
bringing about social change, he established schools for girls and for
children of lower castes.
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