Benjamin Franklin Birth Anniversary

Benjamin Franklin, born on 17 January, 1706, was an American statesman, Founding Father, and scientist. He has also been known as "the First American". He was a very important person in the American Revolution and helped make the Thirteen Colonies one nation. As a leader of the Enlightenment, he influenced European scientists. He even was the first thing many Europeans associated with America at the time. His successful diplomacy in France was an important factor in the United States' win over Great Britain.

7 of the most important of Franklin's accomplishments

1. The Franklin Stove was revolutionary

In 1740, Benjamin Franklin invented his now-famous Franklin Stove. This freestanding stove produced more heat for less fuel compared to contemporaries of the period.

The stove was actually a specially designed fireplace that had a hollow baffle near the rear to transfer more heat from the fire to the room's air. Hot fumes and smoke from the fire were drawn over an "inverted siphon" to achieve this effect and help produce less smoke than ordinary fireplaces.

Smoke and other exhaust gases were then channeled up the chimney. Unfortunately for Franklin, it wasn't a massive commercial success until it was later improved by David Rittenhouse.

2. Franklin also invented a new musical instrument

Benjamin Franklin also turned his hand to creating new forms of musical instruments. Chief amongst them was his interesting glass instrument called the Armonica.

The Armonica was invented in around 1761 and its name derives from the Italian word "Armonia" meaning harmony.

You are probably familiar with so-called "glass harps" or "musical glasses" whereby players rub their fingers around the rims of water-filled wine glasses. The Armonica is, in essence, and descendant of this ancient technique.

Franklin's Armonica, used a series of glass bowls, or goblets, of graduated size that produced musical tones through friction. It was played by rotating the glasses around a central shaft.

Both Ludwig van Beethoven and Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart composed music for the strange instrument. Today, similar devices are known more commonly as friction idiophones.

3. Benjamin Franklin actually invented bifocals

Benjamin Franklin is commonly credited with the invention of bifocal glasses. Whilst there is some debate about whether this is true, there is strong evidence to show that this is indeed true.

It may be the case that bifocals are yet another example of an invention that is independently developed by multiple people over time. Whatever the case, like all great inventions, they were the product of the inventor's own frustration with something in the world.

In this case, Benjamin Franklin has become so tired of his own aging eyes that he decided to do something about it. Through trial and error, he finally managed to produce a pair of glasses that allowed him to see close-up and far away without the need to change his glasses.

4. He helped pen the American Declaration of Independence and the U.S. Constitution

Probably his most important accomplishment was being one of the authors of the American Declaration of Independence. In 1776 he was appointed as a member of the Committee of Five that would go on to draft the Declaration.

Franklin, then of advanced age, was temporarily disabled by gout and unable to attend most meetings of the Committee, Franklin made several "small but important" changes to the draft sent to him by Thomas Jefferson.

At the signing, he is quoted as having replied to a comment by John Hancock that they must all hang together: "Yes, we must, indeed, all hang together, or most assuredly we shall all hang separately."

Franklin was a very strong advocate for the right to free speech and, in 1787, also signed one of the most important documents of all time. The United States Constitution.

To this day, it remains one of the bastions of legal protection for individual liberty in the world.

5. He was the first Postmaster General of the United States

In 1737, Benjamin Franklin was appointed as the very first Postmaster for Philadelphia by the British Crown Post. A post he held until 1753.

Franklin threw himself into the task and implemented many effective measures that enabled his post office to become the first profitable one in any British colony of the time.

In 1775, when the Second Continental Congress established the United States Post Office, Franklin was made its postmaster general due to his experience in the field.

Franklin's postal service still exists, more or less, today but was renamed the United States Postal Service in the early 1970s.

6. He helped create the First American Political Cartoon

The freedom to openly criticize politicians and other powerful figures in society is critical to freedom of thought and speech. Whilst an announcement to those who hold power, it is vitally important that political satire remains vigorous and unimpeded in a free society.

For this reason, Franklin and Hugh Meredith bought the newspaper the Pennsylvania Gazette in 1729. He not only owned the paper but also wrote satirical pieces in it under aliases.

Join, or Die, the very first political cartoon in America was personally created by Benjamin in 1754. It later became an important symbol of colonial unity during the revolution and remains popular.

7. And finally, his famous Lighting Rod

Franklin, apart from being a prolific inventor, is also well known for his scientific experimentation. Most notably his work on electricity and lightning.

He conducted extensive experiments in the field of electricity and made some very important discoveries. For example, he was one of the first people to propose that electricity consisted of two opposing forces.

He suggested that it actually moves from one body to another and even coined the terms positive, negative, battery, charge, and conductor. He is probably best known for his work with lighting and was adamant that lighting was a form of electricity.

His experiments, including his famous Kite experiment, enabled him to create a device that would protect buildings from the destructive force of lightning. Thus, the lightning rod, which protects structures by earthing, was invented.