Bharat Ratna
The Bharat Ratna, is the highest civilian award of the Republic of India. Instituted in 2 January 1954, the award is conferred "in recognition of exceptional service/performance of the highest order", without distinction of race, occupation, position, or sex. The award was originally limited to achievements in the arts, literature, science, and public services, but the government expanded the criteria to include "any field of human endeavour" in December 2011. The recommendations for the Bharat Ratna are made by the Prime Minister to the President, with a maximum of three nominees being awarded per year. Recipients receive a Sanad (certificate) signed by the President and a peepal-leaf–shaped medallion; there is no monetary grant associated with the award. Bharat Ratna recipients rank seventh in the Indian order of precedence.
The first recipients of the Bharat Ratna were politician C.
Rajagopalachari, philosopher Sarvepalli Radhakrishnan, and scientist C. V.
Raman, who were honoured in 1954.
Padma Vibhushan
The Padma
Vibhushan ("Lotus Decoration") is the
second-highest civilian award of the Republic of India, after the Bharat Ratna. Instituted on 2 January 1954, the award is given for
"exceptional and distinguished service". All persons without
distinction of race, occupation, position or sex are eligible for these awards.
However, government servants including those working with PSUs, except doctors and scientists, are not eligible for these
Awards.
The first recipients of the award were Satyendra Nath Bose, Nand Lal Bose, Zakir Husain, Balasaheb Gangadhar Kher, Jigme Dorji Wangchuck and V.K. Krishna Menon, who were honoured in 1954.
Third Druk of Gyalpo of Bhutan - Jigme Dorji Wangchuck
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