Elizabeth II (Elizabeth Alexandra Mary), born on 21 April 1926, in Mayfair, London, was Queen of the United Kingdom and other Commonwealth realms from 6 February 1952 until her death in 2022. She had been queen regnant of 32 sovereign states during her lifetime and was the monarch of 15 realms at her death. Her reign of 70 years and 214 days is the longest of any British monarch, the second-longest of any sovereign state, and the longest of any queen regnant in history.
The eldest daughter of George VI, she became the heiress
presumptive when her father acceded the throne following the abdication of his
brother, Edward VIII. During World War II, she began to undertake public
duties and worked in the Auxiliary Territorial Service. After the death of her
father she acceded the throne in 1952.
Her reign has seen immense constitutional changes in Britain. This
includes devolution to the regional governments in Scotland, Wales and Northern
Ireland, Canadian patriation, African decolonization and the continuing
evolution of the Commonwealth, of which she is the head. Personal tribulations
have included the collapse of her children's marriages, a fire at Windsor
Castle in 1992, the death of Princess Diana in 1997 and the deaths of her
mother and sister in 2002.
In 2017 she became the first British monarch to reach her Sapphire
Jubilee.
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