“Jana Gana Mana” (lit. 'Thou Art the
Ruler of the Minds of All People') is the national anthem of the Republic of
India. It was originally composed as Bharoto Bhagyo Bidhata by polymath
Rabindranath Tagore on 11 December 1911. The first stanza of the song Bharoto
Bhagyo Bidhata was adopted by the Constituent Assembly of India as the
National Anthem on 24 January 1950. A formal rendition of the national anthem
takes approximately 52 seconds. A shortened version consisting of the first and
last lines (and taking about 20 seconds to play) is also staged
occasionally. It was first publicly sung on 27 December 1911 at the Calcutta
(now Kolkata) Session of the Indian National Congress.
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