Benedict XVI, (original name Joseph Alois Ratzinger), born on 16 April 1927, in Marktl am Inn, Germany, was the bishop of
Rome and head of the Roman Catholic Church from 2005 to 2013. Prior to his
election as Pope, Benedict led a distinguished career as a theologian and as
prefect of the Congregation for the Doctrine of the Faith. His papacy faced
several challenges, including decline of vocations and church attendance,
divisive debates concerning the direction of the church, and the effects of the
scandal beginning in the late 1990s surrounding the church’s handling of
numerous cases of sexual abuse by priests. Citing health issues, in
2013, Benedict XVI became the first Pope to resign since Gregory XII in 1415.
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