International Day of Friendship

The International Day of Friendship is observed on July 30. This day honours friends and their important role in improving our lives. Friends make life so much easier, whether they are going on a trip with us or are just listening to our issues and offering advice. Not only is their presence important during difficult times, but they also make a big difference when they join us in celebrating our victories and sharing our joy. One could say that living in the world without friends would be far more challenging.

History

The day was proclaimed in 2011 by the United Nations General Assembly. They wanted to promote the idea that "friendship between peoples, countries, cultures and individuals can inspire peace efforts and build bridges between communities." They said on the website, "The resolution places emphasis on involving young people, as future leaders, in community activities that include different cultures and promote international understanding and respect for diversity."

The UN encourages governments, international organisations, and civil society organisations to hold events, activities, and initiatives on International Day of Friendship that support global efforts to advance mutual understanding, reconciliation, solidarity, and a dialogue among civilizations.

Significance

According to the UN, we continue to face issues such as poverty, human rights abuses, and others that undermine security, development, social harmony, and peace among the people. By celebrating International Friendship Day, we must aim to establish strong ties of trust with each other to ensure that we together eradicate all those factors that threaten a peaceful future.

This initiative is also significant as it walks on the proposal made by UNESCO. The recommendation defines the culture of peace as a set of values, behaviours and attitudes so that it could reject violence and prevent conflicts by addressing their root causes.

International Tiger Day

International Tiger Day is celebrated on July 29, with a focus on raising awareness about tiger conservation and the urgent threats these majestic animals face, such as habitat loss, poaching, and human-wildlife conflict.

History of International Tiger Day

Global Tiger Day, also known as International Tiger Day, was established in 2010 during the Saint Petersburg Tiger Summit. This summit, held in St. Petersburg, Russia, was organised by the Global Tiger Initiative (GTI), which includes nations, international organisations, and conservation groups dedicated to tiger conservation. The Tiger Range Countries (TRCs), nations with wild tiger populations, gathered to address the alarming global decline in tiger numbers.

Recognising the urgent need for coordinated efforts to protect these magnificent big cats and their habitats, the TRCs decided to dedicate a day each year to raise awareness about tiger conservation and the challenges it faces. They chose July 29 for International Tiger Day, marking the midpoint between the summit's first and last days, symbolising the ongoing global effort to save tigers.

International Tiger Day Significance

Tigers, the world's largest and most iconic big cats, are facing serious threats, and International Tiger Day is dedicated to raising awareness about their plight. On this day, people from all walks of life come together to emphasise the urgent need for tiger conservation. These magnificent animals are threatened by habitat destruction, poaching, and illegal wildlife trafficking, pushing them toward extinction. International Tiger Day seeks to rally collective efforts, garner public support, and promote sustainable initiatives to ensure the future of tigers. By highlighting the opportunities and challenges in tiger protection, the day aims to preserve our planet's biodiversity for future generations.

 

World Hepatitis Day

World Hepatitis Day, observed on 28 July, raises awareness of viral hepatitis, an inflammation of the liver that causes severe liver disease and cancer.

The hepatitis virus comes in five primary strains: A, B, C, D, and E. The most prevalent illnesses, hepatitis B and C combined, cause 2.2 million new infections and 1.3 million deaths annually. 

Testing and treatment coverage rates have stagnated in spite of improved diagnostic and therapeutic instruments and declining product costs. However, if quick action is done now, achieving the WHO elimination target by 2030 should still be possible.

HISTORY:

One of the eight health days honoured annually is World Hepatitis Day, according to the World Health Organisation (WHO).

With about 33 crore people worldwide suffering from chronic hepatitis B or C, the yearly event strives to raise awareness of the devastation caused by hepatitis infection.

On October 1, 2004, Baby Muriel and many European and Middle Eastern patient groups organised the first-ever International Hepatitis C Awareness Day. Afterwards, many patient groups observed Hepatitis Day on various dates.

As a result, the World Hepatitis Alliance established the first-ever global World Hepatitis Day on May 19 in cooperation with patient organisations.

At the 63rd World Health Assembly in May 2010, a resolution was approved. The resolution decided to declare July 28 as World Hepatitis Day. More than 100 nations currently observe World Hepatitis Day annually.

WHY IS HEPATITIS DAY IMPORTANT?

Launched in 2008, the goal of World Hepatitis Day is to create partnerships for the elimination of viral hepatitis and to increase awareness of the disease's global burden. This day offers the chance to:

·  Educate the public on the causes, symptoms, prevention, and treatment of viral hepatitis.

·   Urge countries to give financing and policy for hepatitis first priority.

·   Raise the voices of those impacted by viral hepatitis and those who are living with it.

·   Draw attention to the advancements made in the fight to eradicate viral hepatitis.

Death Anniversary of Dr. A.P.J. Kalam

 

A.P.J. Abdul Kalam, who passed away on 27 July 2015, aged 83, was an Indian scientist and politician who played a leading role in the development of India’s missile and nuclear weapons programs. He was president of India from 2002 to 2007.

Kalam earned a degree in aeronautical engineering from the Madras Institute of Technology and in 1958 joined the Defence Research and Development Organisation (DRDO). In 1969 he moved to the Indian Space Research Organisation, where he was project director of the SLV-III, the first satellite launch vehicle that was both designed and produced in India. Rejoining DRDO in 1982, Kalam planned the program that produced a number of successful missiles, which helped earn him the nickname “Missile Man.” Among those successes was Agni, India’s first intermediate-range ballistic missile, which incorporated aspects of the SLV-III and was launched in 1989.

From 1992 to 1997 Kalam was scientific adviser to the defence minister, and he later served as principal scientific adviser (1999–2001) to the government with the rank of cabinet minister. His prominent role in the country’s 1998 nuclear weapons tests solidified India as a nuclear power and established Kalam as a national hero, although the tests caused great concern in the international community. In 1998 Kalam put forward a countrywide plan called Technology Vision 2020, which he described as a road map for transforming India from a less-developed to a developed society in 20 years. The plan called for, among other measures, increasing agricultural productivity, emphasizing technology as a vehicle for economic growth, and widening access to health care and education.

In 2002 India’s ruling National Democratic Alliance (NDA) put forward Kalam to succeed outgoing President Kocheril Raman Narayanan. Kalam was nominated by the Hindu nationalist (Hindutva) NDA even though he was Muslim, and his stature and popular appeal were such that even the main opposition party, the Indian National Congress, also proposed his candidacy. Kalam easily won the election and was sworn in as India’s 11th president, a largely ceremonial post, in July 2002. He left office at the end of his term in 2007 and was succeeded by Pratibha Patil, the country’s first woman president.

Upon returning to civilian life, Kalam remained committed to using science and technology to transform India into a developed country and served as a lecturer at several universities. On 27 July 2015, he collapsed while delivering a lecture at the Indian Institute of Management Shillong and was pronounced dead from cardiac arrest soon afterward.

Kalam wrote several books, including an autobiography, Wings of Fire (1999). Among his numerous awards were two of the country’s highest honours, the Padma Vibhushan (1990) and the Bharat Ratna (1997).

Kargil Vijay Diwas - 25th Anniversary

 

Kargil Vijay Diwas, celebrated every July 26 marks a significant moment in India's history—the victory over Pakistan in the 1999 Kargil War. This day honours the courage and sacrifice of Indian soldiers who defended the nation’s sovereignty. On July 26, 2024, India commemorates the 25th anniversary of this historic event.

The Roots of Kargil Vijay Diwas

The history of Kargil Vijay Diwas dates back to the tumultuous period between India and Pakistan, which saw major conflicts, including the 1971 war that led to the creation of Bangladesh. Despite signing the Lahore Declaration in February 1999, aimed at peaceful resolution of the Kashmir issue, the peace was short-lived. Pakistani soldiers and militants infiltrated the Kargil district of Jammu and Kashmir in the winter of 1998-1999, occupying strategic positions to disrupt the link between Kashmir and Ladakh.

Operation Vijay and the Kargil War

In May 1999, the Indian Army discovered the infiltration, prompting the launch of Operation Vijay. The conflict, known as the Kargil War, involved intense battles in the challenging mountainous terrain of the Kargil district and along the Line of Control (LoC) from May to July 1999. The Indian Army successfully recaptured key positions, including Tiger Hill, after fierce fighting. The war culminated on July 26, 1999, with India securing victory but suffering significant casualties, losing nearly 490 personnel.

Significance of Kargil Vijay Diwas

Kargil Vijay Diwas is a powerful symbol of national unity and patriotism. The Kargil War brought together people from all corners of India, unified in their support for the Armed Forces. This collective spirit of resilience and solidarity continues to be celebrated on Kargil Vijay Diwas, fostering a sense of national pride among citizens. The stories of bravery and heroism from the war inspire future generations, instilling in them a sense of duty and dedication to the nation.

Celebrations Across the Nation

Kargil Vijay Diwas ensures that the sacrifices of Indian soldiers are not forgotten, serving as a solemn tribute to the heroes who defended the nation’s sovereignty. Commemorative events and ceremonies will be held nationwide, including rituals, educational activities, and memorial events to honour their bravery and sacrifice. The day fosters national pride and unity, reminding every Indian of the valour and dedication of the soldiers.

Heroes of the Kargil War

Several soldiers displayed extraordinary valour during the Kargil War. Captain Vikram Batra, known for his iconic declaration, "Ye dil mange more!" led his team to recapture Point 4875 even after being injured. He received the Param Vir Chakra posthumously. Lieutenant Manoj Kumar Pandey played a vital role in clearing enemy positions and was posthumously awarded the Param Vir Chakra for his courage and leadership.

Grenadier Yogendra Singh Yadav, who was just 19 years old, valiantly fought at Tiger Hill despite severe injuries and helped the Indian Army capture key enemy bunkers. He was awarded the Param Vir Chakra. Rifleman Sanjay Kumar showed immense bravery at Point 4875, fighting on despite multiple injuries. His pivotal actions earned him the Param Vir Chakra. Major Rajesh Adhikari led a mission to capture a bunker at Tololing and fought on with unwavering determination despite grievous wounds, earning the Maha Vir Chakra.

Kargil Vijay Diwas is a day of remembrance and national pride, honouring the sacrifices and valor of Indian soldiers. As the nation celebrates the 25th anniversary, it continues to inspire unity and patriotism, ensuring the legacy of the Kargil heroes endures.

The Kargil War, fought between India and Pakistan in 1999, was a high-altitude conflict that took place in the Kargil district of Jammu and Kashmir. The Pakistani forces had infiltrated the region, aiming to cut off the vital link between Kashmir and Ladakh. The Indian Army launched Operation Vijay to drive out the intruders and recapture strategic positions. The war saw intense battles over rugged terrain, with the Indian Army ultimately emerging victorious.

Samuel Taylor Coleridge's Death Anniversary

Samuel Taylor Coleridge, who passed away on 25 July 1834, aged 61, was an English poet, literary critic, philosopher, and theologian who was a founder of the Romantic Movement in England and a member of the Lake Poets with his friend William Wordsworth. He also shared volumes and collaborated with Charles Lamb, Robert Southey, and Charles Lloyd. 

He wrote the poems The Rime of the Ancient Mariner and Kubla Khan, as well as the major prose work Biographia Literaria. His critical works were highly influential, especially in relation to William Shakespeare, and he helped introduce German idealist philosophy to English-speaking cultures. Coleridge coined many familiar words and phrases, including "suspension of disbelief". He had a major influence on Ralph Waldo Emerson and American transcendentalism. Throughout his adult life, Coleridge had crippling bouts of anxiety and depression; it has been speculated that he had bipolar disorder, which had not been defined during his lifetime. He was physically unhealthy, which may have stemmed from a bout of rheumatic fever and other childhood illnesses. He was treated for these conditions with laudanum,  which fostered a lifelong opium addiction.

Coleridge had a turbulent career and personal life with a variety of highs and lows, but his public esteem grew after his death, and he became considered one of the most influential figures in English literature. For instance, a 2018 report by The Guardian labelled him "a genius" who had progressed into "one of the most renowned English poets." Organisations such as the Church of England celebrate his work during public events, such as a "Coleridge Day" in June, with activities including literary recitals.

Simón Bolívar's Birth Anniversary

 

Simón Bolívar, born on 24 July 1783, was a Venezuelan military and political leader. He led independence movements in several South American countries against their Spanish rulers. He is often called "El Libertador" (The Liberator) for his role in freeing much of South America from colonial control.

Bolívar was born into a wealthy family in Caracas, Venezuela. He lost his parents at a young age and was raised by tutors and slaves. His subsequent education in Europe exposed him to Enlightenment ideas, shaping his political views.

n 1805, Bolívar made a pivotal oath in Rome to free South America from Spanish rule. He began his military career in 1810, fighting for Venezuelan independence. Despite early setbacks, Bolívar persevered and gained victories.

Bolívar's military campaigns led to the liberation of Venezuela, Colombia, Ecuador, Peru, and Bolivia. The country of Bolivia was named after him. His most notable battles included the Admirable Campaign of 1813 and the Battle of Carabobo in 1821.

While a skilled military leader, Bolívar also faced political challenges. He dreamed of a united Latin America but encountered unexpected opposition including regional rivalries. Over time, his leadership style eventually became more authoritarian.

Bolívar's personal life was marked by both tragedy and passion. His wife died young, and he later had a significant relationship with Manuela Sáenz, who once saved his life during an assassination attempt.

In his final years, Bolívar became disillusioned with his political vision and ultimately died in exile in 1830.